Sabtu, 30 Juli 2011

Put Movies On Iphone

If you own an Iphone, you've probably already worked out how much fun it is to use it to watch movies-it has that nice big screen, and the sound quality is surprisingly good too. Now imagine if you knew how to download Iphone movies without having to pay.

As you may imagine, downloading Iphone movies for free can be very difficult unless you know exactly how to do it – not only that but you can get yourself into some serious trouble if you download from the wrong place. Use the following guidelines to help you avoid any problems.

1-Take the time to find a site you can trust. Hopefully your downloading relationship with this website will be a long and fruitful one, so it makes good sense to pick a site you can live with. A good way to find a reputable site is to ask around, or maybe search on the internet for some reviews or customer points of view.

2- Always keep in mind that many websites will be falling over themselves trying to get you to visit them. What's more, many of them won't be too subtle about it, so you'll be faced with a million popups in some cases, and in most cases it can prove very difficult to negotiate your way out of there. Generally speaking, you are usually better off just steering clear of sites with lots of popups like that.

3-Forget about using the torrent sites, P2P sites or whatever they are called these days. There have been numerous famous sites like this over the years, with several being taken to court etc. The simple fact is that downloading from sites like this is completely against the law in most places. If you do insist on getting your free downloads from somewhere like this, please be sure to check all applicable laws for your area, as people really do go to jail for things like this. Is it worth jail to get the new Matt Damon?

4-The last tip for downloading Iphone movies is to get ready to pay. There are a few new sites around these days that will give you access to huge download databases, and totally free downloads, but not before you pay their admin fee. This fee usually gives you totally free downloads, and sometimes it lasts for your whole life too, so it's pretty good value. As with anything, there are good and bad sites like this, so it's definitely worhwhile for you to look around before you take the plunge.

get music for iPhone

If you have an Iphone, firstly congratulations-it's been very tough to get hold of one, especially in the hustle and bustle of the holiday season, and secondly, have you ever wondered how to get a good music collection onto it?

If you have, you will be glad to know that essentially there are two main sources for your music (unlike the lucky Zune owners, Iphone owners aren't able to transfer songs directly with their friends). The best way to get an absolutely huge selection of songs into your Iphone is by downloading them from the internet, and the other, slightly less cool way is to simply transfer your existing cd collection onto the iphone. This is ok, but it just means the same old songs for you.

Using either method will mean you need a computer, and if you plan to use the internet you'll obviously need some kind of internet connection, and to transfer from CD you will need some ripping software-this is just a fancy name for a program that records music from your CD and saves in into Windows as a file so you can then do what you like with it. It's pretty fast as well, so it's not like you have to play the whole CD through or anything, it will usually take a couple of minutes tops.

Once you have the songs you want to transfer stored on your computer, it's simply a case of connecting the Iphone to the computer and letting Itunes sync with it, which should then store all the new stuff onto the Iphone. Simple huh?

Downloading songs from the internet is a little more complicated, but then it's worth it as you'll be getting a lot of new music. The main thing to take into account is that you want to stay very aware of how secure your computer system is. Iphones and Ipods etc are very popular, and the hackers and other unsavory characters know it only too well. There are a few sites around which will claim to offer all kinds of free music and downloads etc, only to give you downloads that are infected with trojans/viruses etc. For this reason you need to be very careful what kind of site you are using.

You'll find that there are some sites out there that will give you real free downloads for your Iphone, but they certainly take some finding. A useful way of spotting them is to expect to play a nominal fee to get your membership. It's something like $50 or so for life, which may seem steep but it usually gives you totally unlimited downloads, so offers good value in the long run.

Once you manage to get a few downloads, you can just transfer them to your Iphone using the Itunes program.

Basics of Joomla

Joomla is an open source content management system used for developing websites and other web based stuff like weblogs, portals etc. A software development company makes use of this effective content management system in order to build and manage the backend profile of various websites like handling the content of a site.

Joomla is basically a mixture of three main ingredients such as:
1. Joomla acts as a database to store content of a web page
2. Joomla provides the templates to customize the layout and presentation of a site.
3. Joomla can be considered as the software which provides the features of a database as well as a uniquely well developed template to build a web page.

Joomla consist of important things such as platform, interface, content handlers, machine to machine communication and extensions. Extensions are inbuilt in the system, and if anyone wants to add more features to a site, that can be done by installing more extensions from the web. One of the most important things about Joomla is that it’s free of cost. A project can simply be started by following few steps related to the installation of the software.

Various features of Joomla are listed down as:

User Management system: Joomla supports a registration system that allows users to configure and manage their accounts and set different permissions for other users. One can simply use other account credentials such as Gmail to login in the system.
File Manager: Joomla supports a file manager to manage files and folders. It also has text editor to include any image or URL in the content as per the need.

Freedom to choose from extensions: Joomla integrates a large number of extensions to suite different needs. It can very well customize a site and can make it the way one wants it to be.
Contact and banner management: Contact manager helps the owner to manage the contacts and find the appropriate user for right work. By banner management, an owner can set up different banners, URLs from the collection.

Custom search: Joomla provides an option of custom search to enable the users to find any search item.

Content Management system: Joomla provides a simple content management system in which the owner or user can keep the articles, blogs in a simplified manner. Any new user can email those articles to friends and the owner can also hide content for safe keeping.

Syndication and menu manager: Joomla allows user to syndicate their favorite content and they can also subscribe to it. Menu managers create as many menus and menu items as well. Then these can be placed in any order as per the requirements.
Templates are the easiest path to make a site look as the way one wants it to be. One can use multiple templates in Joomla to customize each and every part of a website.

Various web services provided by Joomla help a user to call the procedure remotely via HTTP and XML. Joomla also support multiple languages for world. So, the owner can easily switch between various languages.

Joomla also maintain an in-built help system which helps users in finding what they require and thereby assisting in troubleshooting the various issues which a user can come across.

Kamis, 28 Juli 2011

Google+ to improve sign-up process

Google has pronounced that it is ‘making a series of improvements’ in response to open cheer that a fledgling Google+ amicable network allows usually genuine names and not sobriquets, nicknames or online handles.
Bradley Horowitz, Google’s VP of Product, has posted some serve sum in an try to explain Google’s position on unknown users and ‘other’ names other than your genuine name (such as nicknames, your lass name, and so on).
Horowitz wrote, “We’ve beheld that many violations of a Google+ common name routine were in fact well-intentioned and unconsidered and for these users a routine can be frustrating and disappointing.”
Private contra Public
“So we’re now creation a series of improvements to this routine – privately per how we forewarn these users that they’re not in correspondence with Google+ policies and how we promulgate a remedies accessible to them,” he went on.
The Google exec combined – maybe many importantly – “we’ve beheld that some people are regulating their form name to boaster nicknames, lass names and personal descriptions.
“While a form name doesn’t accommodate this, we wish to support your friends anticipating we by these swap names and give we a distinguished approach of displaying this info in Google+.”
Nicknames not accepted
Google’s try to bar unknown users or pseudonyms on Google+ has also captivated a courtesy of a UK’s Information Commissioners Office (ICO), with a information rights organisation meddlesome in meaningful some-more about a latest changes in Google’s Profile policy.
ICO staff are now looking into a approach in that Google deals with a Google Profile policies on identities on a new Google+ network, as good as other Google apps and services, yet it should be stressed that no central ICO examination has to date been announced.
Elsewhere, there are claims of a slack in trade on Google+ from analytics organisation Experian Hitwise, with a new news that sum Google+ visits fell by three percent over a week of Jul 23.
TechRadar has contacted Google for serve criticism and construction on this latest report.
Still confused about Google+? Our accessible video examination should get we unresolved out and adding to circles like a pro. 

Senin, 25 Juli 2011

Using Vistrails on OS X 10.6


Curently I am trying to install Vistrails OS X Version. I notice from the installer (can be downloaded here), the OS X version is for 10.5 (Leopard). And after trying a few times, VisTrailes apparently is not 10.6 compatible (yet). I guess Apple is changing a lot with this OS X Version but did not put anything to handle backward compatibility, especially OpenGL based program.

Fortunately, the guys from University of Utah is kind enough to help me to do the installation. Here are a few steps to get VisTrails on OS X 10.6:

1. go to terminal

2. rm -rf ~/.vistrails and rm -rf ~/.matplotlib
This first two step is to make sure that previos vistrail error removed from your OS setting. I guess when you open VisTrails, it writes lots of (hidden) things in your OS

3. install VisTrails as usual at your Applications folder

4. in terminal type cd /Applications/VisTrails/Vistrails.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.5

5. type DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib DYLD_PRINT_LIBRARIES=1 /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/bin/python

6. it will compile something and then ask for input:

>>> import matplotlib.axis

7. It will compile few things and then type exit() to quit

After this steps, you will be able to run VisTrails normally. Great program for Scientific Visualization.

Sabtu, 23 Juli 2011

Inside CPU

Ø Motherboard: It is the central or primary circuit board making up a complex electronic system such as a computer. A motherboard is also known as a main board, logic board or system board.
Ø Central processing Unit: A CPU is the main component of a digital computer that interprets instructions and process data in computer programs.
Ø Random Access Memory: A RAM allows the stored data to be accessed in any order. RAM is considered as the main memory of the computer where the working area is used for displaying and manipulating data.
Ø Basic Input Output System: BIOS prepares the software programs to load, execute and control the computer.
Ø Power Supply: Power Supply supplies electrical energy to an output load or group of loads.
Ø Video Display Controller: It converts the logical representation of visual information into a signal that can be used as input for a display medium.
Ø Computer Bus: It is used to transfer data or power between computer components inside a computer or between computers.
Ø CD-ROM drive: It contains data accessible by a computer
Ø Floppy disk: It is a data storage device
Ø Zip Drive: It is a medium capacity removable disk storage system.
Ø Hard Disk: It is a non-volatile data storage system that stores data on a magnetic surface layered unto hard disk platters.

Jumat, 22 Juli 2011

Different types of Computer


Based on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized as analog computers and hybrid computers.

Analog Computers: These are almost extinct today. These are different from a digital computer because an analog computer can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. 

Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers. In this type of computers, the digital segments perform process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones.

Following are some of the other important types of computers.

Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications such as bulk data processing and ERP.

Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit is known as a microcomputer. When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse, microcomputers can be called as personal computers. A monitor, a keyboard and other similar input output devices, computer memory in the form of RAM and a power supply unit come packaged in a microcomputer. These computers can fit on desks or tables and serve as the best choices for single-user tasks.

Personal computers come in a variety of forms such as desktops, laptops and personal digital assistants. The spare parts of a desktop computer are readily available at relative lower costs. Laptops run on a single battery or an external adapter that charges the computer batteries.

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.

Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie in between mainframes and microcomputers. Minicomputers are also called mid-range systems or workstations.

Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by means of supercomputers.

Wearable Computers: A record-setting step in the evolution of computers was the creation of wearable computers. Military and health professionals have incorporated wearable computers into their daily routine, as a part of such studies. When the users’ hands and sensory organs are engaged in other activities, wearable computers are of great help in tracking human actions.

Kamis, 21 Juli 2011

Evaluating Used Computer

Used computers are available plenty in number. The next one is about the functionality of the used computer and the longevity of the computer parts of the used computer. This makes it very important to evaluate the used computer before buying it. The used computer’s physical parts should be inspected thoroughly. Checking needs to be done to find out if the used computer has an original version of the operating software without which the computer is not worth buying. Manuals, licenses for software applications, discs and fonts should be got along with the computer. The operating system of the used computer should be compatible enough to run the required applications of the buyer. Some times the seller may sell a used computer along with used disk drives, scanners and printers and include the cost of them too. It should be if all the hardware components inside the computer like the CD-ROM drive, sound card, number of RAM sockets etc are if present or not and if present what are the components in use. If the purchaser has already got some computer components like the monitor, printer and so on, the used computer which is bought should be compatible with them. It is not advised to buy a used computer which is very old. Also it is good to find out if the used computer comes with a transferable warranty or service, if so it is worth buying.

The buyer should not end up overpaying as used computers depreciate at a lightning speed. Unfortunately, there is no reputed or unbiased source for knowing the prices for used computers.

Tips Selling Used Computers

Many people sell their used computers for a variety of reasons. Some sell their used computer instead of throwing them as a trash get some money from them, while others sell their used computers to buy new computers with the latest features and technology. Not only individuals sell their used computers, but also large numbers of organizations or firms sell their used computers. They do so because the computer systems may require maintenance and repairs, after some time due to the decrease in performance seen in the computers after some years. Instead of spending more money on the maintenance and repairs they sell and gain money, as there is a great demand for used computers. Some parents buy used computers for their children just for browsing the Internet and to play games. For this purpose, a used computer is more than sufficient than spending huge amounts on a new computer. Most of the used computers are sold in the online market, as it attracts all sorts of buyers. There are many numbers of online classifieds or auctions or online dealers who sell used computers. Selling used computers are a better option than throwing them as trash or keeping them in a corner occupying space and collecting dust. The selling price of a clean used computer is always better than the one, which is full of dirt and dust.

Unused scanners, printers can also be bundled with the sale of the used computer. The benefits or features of the computer can be highlighted for better sales.

Netbook Asus Series EEE PC 1005HAVU1XWT

The netbook doesn't weigh a lot when compared to different netbooks in its category, we could express it's actually alternatively light. While it has promising equals, EEE PC 1005HA-VU1X-WT even so amazes me with its trendy design as well as the rest. I'm positive that everyone can love this netbook as it is perfect in most aspect. It is rather interesting to obtain this particular device because Asus used numerous new systems on this unique netbook. This EEE PC 1005HA-VU1X-WT netbook coming from Asus carries on impress all of us featuring a amazing design and style, increased performance and also remarkable transportability. Since Asus released EEE PC 1005HA-VU1X-WT most of us had been looking forward to this specific moment and now it is there, lastly we can easily set our own hands on innovative Asus netbook.

The cpu placed on Asus EEE PC 1005HA-VU1X-WT netbook is top-of-the-line one of cutting edge processors. Audio speakers come with EEE PC 1005HA-VU1X-WT netbook seem to be rather not too strong, however they are nice for a netbook. The keys of Asus EEE PC 1005HA-VU1X-WT netbook is known as an chiclet-style variant, the keys feel totally good on the tips of your fingers. Personally I do not love chiclet-style keyboards, nevertheless I have to acknowledge they look pretty luxurious.

The model fan, whilst busy under numerous occasions, seemed to stream a lesser amount of air than needed to keep the netbook cool under serious demands. Heat management for the Asus EEE PC 1005HA-VU1X-WT was to some extent less than common when under stress.

It's a step above similarly priced netbooks.

about Modem ADSL

ADSL refers to asymmetric digital subscriber line and a kind of DSL broadband internet connection technology. There is a specific attachment of a special filter connected to the user’s telephone line which enables both ADSL and genuine telephone services need to be run in synchronization. This filter is popularly known as micro filter.

The construction features of ADSL computer modems call for the services of subscribers and ADSL modem which should be kept in close geological area to the internet service provider’s central office.

The latest ADSL technology is majorly represented by ADSL computer modems. This modem provides a popular and cost effective solution for end users. It enables the faster data transfer directly to the personal computer of the user. The cost of this modem differs depending on the user’s demand for the speed variations in the server. The minimum available configuration is 1.5 Mbps and maximum is 8 Mbps.

ADSL computer modems are generally of three types including Ethernet, PCI and USB.

new in FTP


FTP is a standard network protocol used to copy a file from one device to another over a TCP network, such as Internet.

Just about 10 years ago you could download any file from your favourite FTP server.

Besides FTP could be used to back-up important files, that can be easily done using FTP clients. And, finally, you can share your files on your FTP server and download them when it is neccessary.

These tasks could be done by any modern FTP software, but the problem is that some operations are still could not be done(for example folder synchronization, scheduling, editing/viewing remote files, searching remote files). The using of FTP has changed many times but FTP clients only had minor changes.

And now I want to present you a new FTP client named "UploadFTP" which was created not very long ago and it is oriented only on modern tasks: synchronization, backuping and sharing files, etc.

Just your local files, your remote files and the list of servers. You can browse as many FTP servers as you want simultaneously.

It is very easy to search files over a server, UploadFTP automatically controls upload/download speed and it allows you to transfer many files at the same time.

why children need computers


Why do children need computers?

The easiest answer for this one is: “A child needs a computer so that he can play computer games”. Almost everywhere you go, you find computers. At office or at home, a computer is almost indispensable.

Educational products are nowadays released mostly on computer CD’s.

More and more educational products for children are now released in the form of programs and electronic encyclopedias and can only be viewed with a computer, somehow forcing you to buy a computer for your child. Unlike the traditional learning methods, learning with a computer has the advantage of interactivity. Children love to learn with computers, because they can control the way they learn and what they learn.

Of course, a child will use a computer mainly to play computer games. At first, the computer will be for your child like a more expensive toy. The computer will be his favorite toy. Your child will play computer games the entire day. However, after a while, the child will settle down and start exploring the other sides of the computer.

Which computers for children to buy?

Since the main use of the computer for your child will be to play games, you should choose a fast system on which modern games will run smooth. Also, because modern computer games use lot’s of space, a high capacity hard drive is recommended. The computer you choose for your child should be equipped with a DVD, because DVD’s are starting to replace CD’s as main data transport medium.

Now that you have chosen a computer system for your child, all you need is a monitor. You can choose from two types of computer monitors: CRT and LCD. CRT computer monitors are bigger and cheaper. They are more indicated for children who like to play computer games a lot.

Senin, 18 Juli 2011

Pick A Portable DVD Tablet


There are certain things you should thus consider before picking up a portable DVD tablet.
For your car, the best would be the laptop style DVD player which is indeed called the tablet. Coming to the laptop style DVD tablet, to begin with, just keep minor things in mind such as, always buy branded tablets, always find the one that is in your budget and yet, serves your purpose pretty well. Now, while picking up a portable DVD tablet, you should go for the one that has a great battery life. It is portable and you'll be carrying it around. You can't always be in a place where you can charge your tablet, right? There is WMV9, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 ASP, et cetera. Keep in mind to take a portable DVD tablet the supports writable DVDs and CDs too.
Coming to the sound, since is a portable DVD player, the sound system has to be great. Check the quality of the sound system and do some good research before you buy your portable DVD tablet. The sound should be great even when played without the headphones. Just small things for you to consider before you buy a portable DVD player so that you can choose the best one.

Tips Data Center Site Selection

1. A data center should be situated on stable geography. Choosing (or building) a data center situated in a flood plain or on a tectonic fault that regularly generates earthquakes is not such a good idea. Much of New Orleans, for example, is several feet below sea level, as the public discovered during the Katrina hurricane disaster. As global warming continues to energize the world weather "heat engine," tornadoes will become a greater problem, leading to either the construction of bunker-like facilities, or else data centers in such areas will be placed securely underground.

2. Given today's terrorist threats, plopping down such a computer facility in the middle of major cities is not such a good idea either. After an international telecommunications company named Interoute Telecom was hit by two terrorist attacks (the Irish Republican Army blew up one of their buildings in London's Docklands area housing a huge Ericsson AXE10 telecom switch area - which continued to run; and then the company lost its New York office in the 9/11 disaster) the company's founders, Simon Taylor and Nick Razey, decided to go into the data center business. They noticed that many New York businesses relocated their data centers out of New York to New Jersey, Connecticut, and various other relatively distant points. So when they founded Next Generation Data and built Europe's largest data center, the 750,000 square foot NGD Europe (also known as NGD1), they situated it far from London, in Wales, where property was inexpensive and electrical power was in abundance.

3. Make sure you are building a computing nexus where there are major tax incentives. U.S. state and local governments offer all sorts of incentives for data center operations, even customized incentives programs offering partial or even a full exemption of sales/use taxes on equipment, construction materials, and perhaps even electricity and backup fuel expenses.

4. In a world of skyrocketing user demand, you want a data center that offers big optical fiber pipes, simultaneously connected to the building by several carriers. (A "carrier-neutral" collocation facility.)

5. You also need your optical pipes to be capable of supporting redundancy in case of a disaster, and diverse paths to distribute the data traffic load.

6. Your building should be near an emerging population of users: China, Singapore, etc. It's not absolutely necessary, but it's good to lessen the number of "hops" to customers and with it, the possibility of outages or high latency in signaling back and forth. Silicon Valley encompasses some of the world's largest technology corporations (Apple, Cisco, Google, HP, Intel, etc.) as well as top universities. It's no wonder that data center construction has boomed in the region, with a market measuring over 5 million square feet of facility space as of mid-2011.

7. Don't place or select a center near locations were other companies manufacture, store or transport hazardous materials. New Jersey's "chemical coast" is one such example.

8. Try to situate your data center is a cool climate so that "free cooling" can be used to keep the equipment cool, instead exclusively using air conditioning or "chillers" as they are known.

9. Don't pick a data center situated in the flight path of a major airport. (Once in a blue moon, they fall down and go boom.)

10. Keep your racks and computers out of the basement of your building, or anybody else's, for that matter. Secondary computing and storage should be safely distant and not below a population that can cause trouble (set accidental fires, set off sprinkler systems and flooding, and so forth).

http://ezinearticles.com

Sabtu, 16 Juli 2011

History Of Podcasting

What we know as a podcast had its beginnings in the creation of MP3 files that could be downloaded and played on the iPod device developed by Apple Computer. The release of the iPod encouraged people to share their music with others. They then realized that they could create, upload, and download information other than music. Some iPod users reverse engineered the device and loaded various types of firmware or operating system software. Other users decided that they would share sound files to be played on the iPod, since the technology for distributing such files already existed. RSS feeds provide a way to generate machine-readable files, which could then share data between servers and users. Many blogs used RSS to keep their readers up to date on blog posts. Some visionary podcasters realized that they could enclose links to sound files inside the RSS feed and download these files to a computer.

The iPod podcast became increasingly popular as this change in RSS feeds was implemented. Podcasting became a common way to share files, and users began to view podcasting as a way to become, essentially, radio-show hosts or DJs. Then software was developed that would automatically check the RSS feeds, extract links to podcast episodes, and download the files. This software is called a podcast client.

By the time all this was happening, podcasting had expanded far beyond Apple's iPod device. Developers had even discovered ways to use PlayStation Portable gaming systems as a podcast player. While this was more difficult than downloading a podcast to an iPod because of PSP's different file format, more PSP podcasts began appearing on the Internet. Podcasting also expanded into use by individuals who didn't have iPods, but who viewed podcasting as a very convenient technology for receiving news, music, and entertainment over the Internet.

Now, iPod podcasting remains in use, but fewer people subscribe to podcasts in order to get portable media files. This still represents an attractive feature of podcasting, but it is overshadowed by the use of podcasting as a content delivery system. Podcasting is currently associated with a large and growing number of audio and video blogs, for example. With these offerings, content is not delivered via posting, but through media files that are uploaded to the blog. These types of blogs, and podcasting in general, benefit from the constantly decreasing cost of broadband Internet connections and the growing number of people who have high-speed access to rich online content that includes multimedia files.

about firewalls

You need a firewall! In computer terms, we need to stop communications between your computer and others on the internet.

Where do I put this firewall?

Firewalls can be on a hardware box (a separate unit or part of your internet modem or router) or can be software installed on your computer. Most popular security software packages also include a firewall. A hardware firewall is great for providing a barrier before your computer is even reached and will also mean that your computer doesn’t have to spend its precious resources on running the firewall software.

If Microsoft gives me a firewall, do I need another one?

The Windows Firewall (on Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Vista) only examines inbound communications coming into your computer from the internet. If your computer becomes infected (e.g. if you install some free software that turns out to have a hidden nasty) then your outbound communication to other computers on the internet won’t be examined or filtered. This can turn your computer into a source of infection, impacting your security and internet connection. It’s also not recommended that you run more than one software firewall as this uses more processing power and can cause conflicts, so if your security software includes a firewall, turn off the Windows Firewall.

If I have a secure wireless connection do l need a firewall?

A wireless connection is another way to get onto the internet and wireless security controls who can use that connection.

If you are doing something specific (like installing new software or troubleshooting a connection problem) you may need to temporarily disable your firewall. Software firewalls may alert you that a connection has been attempted and blocked and may ask if you wish to allow that kind of connection in the future.

Firewalls provide an enhanced level of security that has now become the minimum standard to protect your computer.